Australian Wildlife Database

Complete guide to 60+ native species

Showing 60 of 60 species

🐍

Eastern Brown Snake

Pseudonaja textilis

CRITICAL RISK

A medically important venomous snake that is widespread in many populated parts of eastern Australia. Responsible for most snake-bite deaths in Australia.

Location

Eastern Australia, with isolated Northern Territory populations

Size

Average ~1.5m, up to ~2m

Identification

Variable brown color, slender body, round head barely distinct from neck

Safety Advice

Keep your distance and do not approach, touch or try to move it. If it's safely outdoors, back away slowly and give it space to leave on its own. If it's inside a building, contact a licensed snake catcher rather than attempting to handle it yourself.

If a bite or sting happens: Suspected Venomous Snake Bite

  • Call 000 immediately.
  • Keep the person still and calm — do not let them walk.
  • Apply a pressure bandage firmly over the bite, then bandage the whole limb from fingers or toes upward (Pressure Immobilisation Technique).
  • Splint the limb to stop it moving, then keep the person still until paramedics arrive.
  • If the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, start CPR.
  • Do NOT wash the bite site — venom traces help identify the correct antivenom.
  • Do NOT cut the wound, try to suck out venom, or apply a tourniquet.
  • Note the time of the bite and any symptoms to tell paramedics.

Active:

Spring to Autumn, diurnal (day active)

Habitat:

Grasslands, woodlands, farms, suburban areas

🐍

Tiger Snake

Notechis scutatus

CRITICAL RISK

Highly venomous snake with potent neurotoxic venom. Generally shy, but a cornered snake can strike forcefully.

Location

South-eastern & south-western Australia, incl. Tasmania

Size

Mainland average ~1.2m, up to ~2.1m

Identification

Banded pattern (not always present), robust build, broad head

Safety Advice

Do not approach or corner. Back away calmly. Call snake catcher. Seek immediate medical help if bitten.

If a bite or sting happens: Suspected Venomous Snake Bite

  • Call 000 immediately.
  • Keep the person still and calm — do not let them walk.
  • Apply a pressure bandage firmly over the bite, then bandage the whole limb from fingers or toes upward (Pressure Immobilisation Technique).
  • Splint the limb to stop it moving, then keep the person still until paramedics arrive.
  • If the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, start CPR.
  • Do NOT wash the bite site — venom traces help identify the correct antivenom.
  • Do NOT cut the wound, try to suck out venom, or apply a tourniquet.
  • Note the time of the bite and any symptoms to tell paramedics.

Active:

Spring to Autumn, diurnal

Habitat:

Wetlands, coastal areas, grasslands, suburban gardens near water

🐍

Inland Taipan

Oxyuranus microlepidotus

CRITICAL RISK

An extremely venomous snake by laboratory testing, though real-world risk is low because it lives in remote country and rarely encounters people.

Location

Central Australia (rare)

Size

1.8m - 2.5m

Identification

Color changes seasonally (olive to dark brown), small eyes, angular head

Safety Advice

Extremely dangerous if encountered. Retreat immediately. Call wildlife authorities. Medical emergency if bitten.

If a bite or sting happens: Suspected Venomous Snake Bite

  • Call 000 immediately.
  • Keep the person still and calm — do not let them walk.
  • Apply a pressure bandage firmly over the bite, then bandage the whole limb from fingers or toes upward (Pressure Immobilisation Technique).
  • Splint the limb to stop it moving, then keep the person still until paramedics arrive.
  • If the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, start CPR.
  • Do NOT wash the bite site — venom traces help identify the correct antivenom.
  • Do NOT cut the wound, try to suck out venom, or apply a tourniquet.
  • Note the time of the bite and any symptoms to tell paramedics.

Active:

Spring to Summer, diurnal

Habitat:

Remote arid regions, deep soil cracks, floodplains

🐍

Coastal Taipan

Oxyuranus scutellatus

CRITICAL RISK

A medically important snake found in northern and eastern coastal regions. Fast-moving and may defend itself vigorously if threatened.

Location

Northern & Eastern coastal areas

Size

2m - 3m

Identification

Light brown to dark brown, large head, pale face, reddish eyes

Safety Advice

Extremely dangerous. Do not approach. Move away slowly. Immediate medical attention required if bitten.

If a bite or sting happens: Suspected Venomous Snake Bite

  • Call 000 immediately.
  • Keep the person still and calm — do not let them walk.
  • Apply a pressure bandage firmly over the bite, then bandage the whole limb from fingers or toes upward (Pressure Immobilisation Technique).
  • Splint the limb to stop it moving, then keep the person still until paramedics arrive.
  • If the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, start CPR.
  • Do NOT wash the bite site — venom traces help identify the correct antivenom.
  • Do NOT cut the wound, try to suck out venom, or apply a tourniquet.
  • Note the time of the bite and any symptoms to tell paramedics.

Active:

Spring to Summer, diurnal

Habitat:

Sugarcane fields, grasslands, coastal scrub

🐍

Death Adder

Acanthophis antarcticus

CRITICAL RISK

Ambush predator with potent venom. Does not flee - stays still when approached.

Location

Eastern & Northern Australia

Size

40-100cm

Identification

Broad triangular head, thick body, thin tail with lure tip, grey to reddish-brown

Safety Advice

Watch where you step! Does not flee. Back away carefully. Call snake catcher. Emergency if bitten.

If a bite or sting happens: Suspected Venomous Snake Bite

  • Call 000 immediately.
  • Keep the person still and calm — do not let them walk.
  • Apply a pressure bandage firmly over the bite, then bandage the whole limb from fingers or toes upward (Pressure Immobilisation Technique).
  • Splint the limb to stop it moving, then keep the person still until paramedics arrive.
  • If the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, start CPR.
  • Do NOT wash the bite site — venom traces help identify the correct antivenom.
  • Do NOT cut the wound, try to suck out venom, or apply a tourniquet.
  • Note the time of the bite and any symptoms to tell paramedics.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal

Habitat:

Woodlands, grasslands, heaths, leaf litter

🐍

Mulga Snake (King Brown)

Pseudechis australis

CRITICAL RISK

Largest venomous snake in Australia. Delivers large amounts of venom.

Location

Most of mainland Australia

Size

1.5m - 3m

Identification

Copper to dark brown, pale head, robust build

Safety Advice

Keep distance. Can be defensive. Back away slowly. Medical emergency if bitten - delivers high venom volume.

If a bite or sting happens: Suspected Venomous Snake Bite

  • Call 000 immediately.
  • Keep the person still and calm — do not let them walk.
  • Apply a pressure bandage firmly over the bite, then bandage the whole limb from fingers or toes upward (Pressure Immobilisation Technique).
  • Splint the limb to stop it moving, then keep the person still until paramedics arrive.
  • If the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, start CPR.
  • Do NOT wash the bite site — venom traces help identify the correct antivenom.
  • Do NOT cut the wound, try to suck out venom, or apply a tourniquet.
  • Note the time of the bite and any symptoms to tell paramedics.

Active:

Spring to Autumn, diurnal/nocturnal

Habitat:

Diverse - woodlands, grasslands, deserts, floodplains

🕷️

Sydney Funnel-Web Spider

Atrax robustus

CRITICAL RISK

May rear up and strike repeatedly if threatened, and is dangerously venomous. Males are more dangerous than females.

Location

Sydney region, NSW

Size

1-5cm body length

Identification

Large, glossy black/dark brown, thick legs, may rear up and strike when threatened

Safety Advice

Keep clear. Call pest control immediately. Keep pets and children inside. Seek medical attention if bitten.

If a bite or sting happens: Funnel-Web / Mouse Spider Bite

  • Call 000 immediately — treat this the same as a venomous snake bite.
  • Lie the person down and keep them still.
  • Apply an elasticised pressure-immobilisation bandage over the bite, then extend it up the limb.
  • Splint the limb, record the time of the bite, and wait for the ambulance.
  • Do not wash the bite site, and do not delay emergency action to try to identify the spider.
  • Antivenom is available and highly effective — getting to hospital quickly matters most.

Active:

Summer, more active after rain

Habitat:

Moist, sheltered areas, under rocks, in burrows, gardens

🕷️

Tree-Dwelling Funnel-Web

Hadronyche species

CRITICAL RISK

Similar venom to Sydney funnel-web. Found in trees and elevated areas.

Location

Eastern Australia

Size

2-5cm body length

Identification

Dark brown to black, large fangs, builds sheet web in tree hollows

Safety Advice

Dangerous if encountered in trees or firewood. Handle wood carefully. Antivenom available. Medical emergency.

If a bite or sting happens: Funnel-Web / Mouse Spider Bite

  • Call 000 immediately — treat this the same as a venomous snake bite.
  • Lie the person down and keep them still.
  • Apply an elasticised pressure-immobilisation bandage over the bite, then extend it up the limb.
  • Splint the limb, record the time of the bite, and wait for the ambulance.
  • Do not wash the bite site, and do not delay emergency action to try to identify the spider.
  • Antivenom is available and highly effective — getting to hospital quickly matters most.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal

Habitat:

Tree hollows, under bark, elevated structures

🕷️

Redback Spider

Latrodectus hasselti

HIGH RISK

Common venomous spider found in urban areas. Females have distinctive red stripe.

Location

All of Australia

Size

3-10mm body length

Identification

Black body with red/orange stripe on abdomen, females larger and more venomous

Safety Advice

Avoid contact. Safe to observe from distance. Consider professional pest control. Antivenom available.

If a bite or sting happens: Redback Spider Bite

  • Do NOT use a pressure immobilisation bandage — for redback bites this can worsen pain without helping.
  • Wash the site and apply a wrapped cold pack for about 15 minutes for pain relief.
  • For significant symptoms (spreading pain, sweating, nausea, or muscle weakness), seek medical care promptly — a hospital emergency department or GP; antivenom is available if needed.
  • Call 000 immediately for any signs of a severe allergic reaction: difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or dizziness.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal

Habitat:

Dark, dry sheltered spots - sheds, mailboxes, garden furniture, toilets

🐍

Red-Bellied Black Snake

Pseudechis porphyriacus

HIGH RISK

Venomous but generally not aggressive. Less dangerous than brown snakes.

Location

Eastern Australia

Size

1.2m - 2m

Identification

Glossy black upper body, bright red/pink belly, cream/pink snout

Safety Advice

Keep distance. Usually retreats if given space. Medical attention needed if bitten but rarely fatal.

If a bite or sting happens: Suspected Venomous Snake Bite

  • Call 000 immediately.
  • Keep the person still and calm — do not let them walk.
  • Apply a pressure bandage firmly over the bite, then bandage the whole limb from fingers or toes upward (Pressure Immobilisation Technique).
  • Splint the limb to stop it moving, then keep the person still until paramedics arrive.
  • If the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, start CPR.
  • Do NOT wash the bite site — venom traces help identify the correct antivenom.
  • Do NOT cut the wound, try to suck out venom, or apply a tourniquet.
  • Note the time of the bite and any symptoms to tell paramedics.

Active:

Spring to Autumn, diurnal

Habitat:

Near water - creeks, dams, wetlands, suburban water features

🕷️

Mouse Spider

Missulena species

HIGH RISK

Potentially dangerous venom similar to funnel-web. Rarely aggressive.

Location

All of Australia

Size

1-3cm body length

Identification

Large, bulky body, glossy head, males often colorful (red heads)

Safety Advice

Avoid handling. Bite can be serious. Funnel-web antivenom effective. Seek medical attention.

If a bite or sting happens: Funnel-Web / Mouse Spider Bite

  • Call 000 immediately — treat this the same as a venomous snake bite.
  • Lie the person down and keep them still.
  • Apply an elasticised pressure-immobilisation bandage over the bite, then extend it up the limb.
  • Splint the limb, record the time of the bite, and wait for the ambulance.
  • Do not wash the bite site, and do not delay emergency action to try to identify the spider.
  • Antivenom is available and highly effective — getting to hospital quickly matters most.

Active:

Wet season, males wander in search of females

Habitat:

Burrows in ground, banks, under rocks

🕷️

White-Tailed Spider

Lampona species

MEDIUM RISK

Wandering spider, does not build webs. Bite can cause local pain and swelling.

Location

Southern & Eastern Australia

Size

12-18mm body length

Identification

Dark reddish to grey body, distinctive white tip on abdomen, cigar-shaped

Safety Advice

Avoid handling. Bite causes localized pain/swelling. Clean wound, apply ice, seek medical advice if symptoms worsen.

If a bite or sting happens: Minor Spider Bite (White-Tail, Huntsman, Jumping Spider)

  • Wash the bite site with soap and water.
  • Apply a cold pack to reduce pain and swelling.
  • Monitor the area over the next day or two.
  • See a doctor if you notice increasing redness, swelling, or any sign of infection.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal

Habitat:

Inside homes, gardens, under bark, in leaf litter

🐦

Australian Magpie

Gymnorhina tibicen

MEDIUM RISK

Territorial bird, especially during breeding season. Can swoop to protect nests.

Location

All of Australia

Size

37-43cm

Identification

Black and white plumage, melodious call, red eyes in adults

Safety Advice

Avoid nesting areas during breeding season (Aug-Oct). Wear hat/helmet. Make eye contact. Protected species.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal (territorial and may swoop Aug-Oct)

Habitat:

Parks, gardens, sports fields, urban areas

🦎

Lace Monitor

Varanus varius

MEDIUM RISK

Large goanna, can climb trees. Usually shy but may defend itself if cornered.

Location

Eastern Australia

Size

1.5-2m

Identification

Dark with cream/yellow bands, long neck, forked tongue, powerful claws

Safety Advice

Keep distance. Can bite and scratch if threatened. Usually flees. Protected species. Contact wildlife rescue if needed.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Spring to Autumn, diurnal

Habitat:

Forests, woodlands, coastal areas, campgrounds

🦘

Eastern Grey Kangaroo

Macropus giganteus

MEDIUM RISK

Large marsupial, usually shy but can be aggressive if cornered or with young.

Location

Eastern Australia

Size

1-2.3m tall

Identification

Grey-brown fur, powerful hind legs, long tail, large ears

Safety Advice

Keep distance (10m+). Do not feed or approach. Can be dangerous if cornered. Contact wildlife rescue if injured.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Dawn/dusk, crepuscular

Habitat:

Grasslands, open forests, golf courses, suburban edges

🦘

Red Kangaroo

Osphranter rufus

MEDIUM RISK

Largest marsupial. Males can be aggressive, especially in drought conditions.

Location

Inland Australia

Size

Up to 2m tall

Identification

Males rusty red, females blue-grey, muscular build, long pointed ears

Safety Advice

Maintain safe distance. Males can be dangerous. Do not corner or provoke. Can kick with powerful hind legs.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Dawn/dusk, crepuscular

Habitat:

Arid and semi-arid inland regions, grasslands

🦜

Cassowary

Casuarius casuarius

MEDIUM RISK

Large flightless bird with powerful legs and sharp claws. Can be dangerous if threatened.

Location

Far North Queensland

Size

1.5-2m tall

Identification

Black plumage, blue/purple neck, distinctive helmet (casque), red wattles

Safety Advice

Keep 10m+ distance. Do not feed. Back away if approached. Can kick with dagger-like claws. Endangered - report sightings.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal

Habitat:

Tropical rainforests, nearby beaches

🐊

Saltwater Crocodile

Crocodylus porosus

CRITICAL RISK

Largest living reptile. Extremely dangerous apex predator.

Location

Northern Australia

Size

3-7m

Identification

Massive size, broad snout, armored skin, olive/grey color

Safety Advice

NEVER enter water in croc territory. Keep 50m+ from water's edge. Obey all warning signs. Potentially fatal.

If a bite or sting happens: Crocodile Attack

  • Call 000 immediately — this is a medical emergency.
  • Get the person out of the water and away from the area.
  • Control any bleeding with firm, direct pressure.
  • Treat for shock: keep them warm, lying down if possible, and monitor breathing until help arrives.

Active:

Year-round, opportunistic

Habitat:

Rivers, estuaries, coastal areas, sometimes open ocean

🐊

Freshwater Crocodile

Crocodylus johnstoni

MEDIUM RISK

Smaller than saltwater crocs. Less aggressive but can still bite if provoked.

Location

Northern Australia

Size

1.5-3m

Identification

Narrow snout, smaller size, lighter color than saltwater crocs

Safety Advice

Do not swim in known croc waters. Keep distance. Can bite if cornered or protecting nest.

If a bite or sting happens: Crocodile Attack

  • Call 000 immediately — this is a medical emergency.
  • Get the person out of the water and away from the area.
  • Control any bleeding with firm, direct pressure.
  • Treat for shock: keep them warm, lying down if possible, and monitor breathing until help arrives.

Active:

Year-round, more active wet season

Habitat:

Freshwater rivers, billabongs, wetlands

🐕

Dingo

Canis familiaris (dingo)

MEDIUM RISK

Wild dog. Generally shy but can be dangerous, especially in packs or if habituated to humans.

Location

Most of Australia

Size

50-60cm tall

Identification

Sandy/golden coat (sometimes black/tan), erect ears, bushy tail

Safety Advice

Do not feed. Keep children close. Store food securely. Can be aggressive if protecting pups or food.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Dawn/dusk, crepuscular

Habitat:

Forests, grasslands, deserts, coastal areas

🐍

Carpet Python

Morelia spilota

LOW RISK

Non-venomous constrictor. Generally docile but can bite if threatened. Protected species.

Location

Northern & Eastern Australia

Size

2m - 4m

Identification

Distinctive carpet-like pattern, thick body, can be various colors

Safety Advice

Keep pets and children away but not dangerous to humans. Usually moves on naturally. Do not relocate without permit.

If a bite or sting happens: Snake Bite, Even If Believed Non-Venomous (Python, Tree Snake)

  • Treat any snake bite as a possible venomous bite. A photo, app result or quick look cannot confirm what bit someone, and all snake bites are treated as life-threatening.
  • Call 000 immediately.
  • Keep the person still and calm — do not let them walk or run.
  • Apply a pressure bandage firmly over the bite, then bandage the whole limb from fingers or toes upward and splint it (Pressure Immobilisation Technique).
  • If the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, start CPR.
  • Do NOT wash the bite site, cut it, suck it or apply a tourniquet.
  • Hospital clinicians work out whether venom was involved, so you do not need to identify the snake.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal

Habitat:

Trees, roofs, woodpiles, suburban areas

🐍

Green Tree Snake

Dendrelaphis punctulatus

LOW RISK

Non-venomous tree-dwelling snake that helps control garden pests. Even so, do not handle it, and treat any bite as a possible venomous bite.

Location

Northern & Eastern Australia

Size

1-2m

Identification

Green to yellowish-green, brownish-green or black (occasionally blue), slender body, yellow belly and neck, large eyes

Safety Advice

Not considered medically dangerous to people. Do not harm - protected and beneficial. Let it move on naturally.

If a bite or sting happens: Snake Bite, Even If Believed Non-Venomous (Python, Tree Snake)

  • Treat any snake bite as a possible venomous bite. A photo, app result or quick look cannot confirm what bit someone, and all snake bites are treated as life-threatening.
  • Call 000 immediately.
  • Keep the person still and calm — do not let them walk or run.
  • Apply a pressure bandage firmly over the bite, then bandage the whole limb from fingers or toes upward and splint it (Pressure Immobilisation Technique).
  • If the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, start CPR.
  • Do NOT wash the bite site, cut it, suck it or apply a tourniquet.
  • Hospital clinicians work out whether venom was involved, so you do not need to identify the snake.

Active:

Spring to Autumn, diurnal

Habitat:

Trees, shrubs, gardens, near water

🦎

Blue-Tongue Lizard

Tiliqua scincoides

LOW RISK

Harmless and beneficial reptile. Eats garden pests like snails and slugs. Protected species.

Location

Eastern Australia

Size

30-60cm

Identification

Distinctive blue tongue, silvery-grey body with dark bands, stumpy tail

Safety Advice

Not considered medically dangerous to people. Beneficial for gardens. Let it pass through naturally. Protected - do not harm.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Spring to Autumn, diurnal

Habitat:

Gardens, bushland, suburban areas

🦎

Bearded Dragon

Pogona species

LOW RISK

Harmless lizard with distinctive "beard" display. Popular as pets. Protected in wild.

Location

Most of Australia

Size

30-60cm

Identification

Spiky scales around throat (beard), grey to brown, flattens body when threatened

Safety Advice

Harmless to humans. May puff up beard as defense but won't attack. Protected species.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Spring to Autumn, diurnal

Habitat:

Woodlands, scrublands, deserts, rocky areas

🦡

Common Brushtail Possum

Trichosurus vulpecula

LOW RISK

Protected nocturnal marsupial. Common in urban areas. Can be noisy in roofs.

Location

All of Australia

Size

32-58cm + tail

Identification

Grey/brown fur, bushy tail, pink nose, large round ears

Safety Advice

Harmless and beneficial. Do not feed or relocate without permit. Protected species. Can scratch/bite if cornered.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal

Habitat:

Tree hollows, roofs, gardens, urban areas

🦡

Ringtail Possum

Pseudocheirus peregrinus

LOW RISK

Smaller than brushtail, more timid. Protected species. Builds dreys (nests).

Location

Eastern Australia

Size

30-35cm + tail

Identification

Grey-brown fur, white belly, curled prehensile tail with white tip

Safety Advice

Shy and harmless. Protected species. Do not disturb nests. Will not approach humans.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal

Habitat:

Trees, dense vegetation, gardens

🐿️

Sugar Glider

Petaurus breviceps

LOW RISK

Small gliding marsupial. Harmless and cute. Protected species.

Location

Eastern & Northern Australia

Size

16-21cm + tail

Identification

Grey with black stripe on back, gliding membrane, large eyes, bushy tail

Safety Advice

Not considered medically dangerous to people. Protected species. Do not attempt to catch or keep as pet.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal

Habitat:

Eucalypt forests, woodlands, tree hollows

🕷️

Huntsman Spider

Sparassidae family

LOW RISK

Large, fast-moving spider. Looks scary but relatively harmless. Eats household pests.

Location

All of Australia

Size

2-3cm body, 15cm leg span

Identification

Large, flat body, long legs spread sideways, brown/grey color

Safety Advice

Generally harmless. May bite if handled roughly (painful but not dangerous). Beneficial - eats cockroaches and flies.

If a bite or sting happens: Minor Spider Bite (White-Tail, Huntsman, Jumping Spider)

  • Wash the bite site with soap and water.
  • Apply a cold pack to reduce pain and swelling.
  • Monitor the area over the next day or two.
  • See a doctor if you notice increasing redness, swelling, or any sign of infection.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal

Habitat:

Houses, sheds, tree bark, under rocks

🕷️

Jumping Spider

Salticidae family

LOW RISK

Small, intelligent spider with excellent vision. Harmless and curious.

Location

All of Australia

Size

5-15mm

Identification

Compact body, large forward-facing eyes, often colorful, jumps to catch prey

Safety Advice

Not considered medically dangerous to people. Fascinating to observe. Beneficial pest control.

If a bite or sting happens: Minor Spider Bite (White-Tail, Huntsman, Jumping Spider)

  • Wash the bite site with soap and water.
  • Apply a cold pack to reduce pain and swelling.
  • Monitor the area over the next day or two.
  • See a doctor if you notice increasing redness, swelling, or any sign of infection.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal

Habitat:

Gardens, walls, windows, vegetation

🐦

Kookaburra

Dacelo species

LOW RISK

Iconic Australian bird famous for its laughing call. Carnivorous, eats snakes and lizards.

Location

Eastern & Southern Australia

Size

39-42cm

Identification

Large head, stout bill, white/cream underside, brown wings, distinctive laughing call

Safety Advice

Harmless to humans. May swoop for food but not aggressive. Do not feed. Protected species.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal

Habitat:

Eucalypt forests, woodlands, parks, suburban areas

🐦

Laughing Kookaburra

Dacelo novaeguineae

LOW RISK

Largest kingfisher. Known for loud laughing call at dawn and dusk.

Location

Eastern Australia

Size

40-47cm

Identification

Brown wings with blue patches, cream underparts, large beak, laughing territorial call

Safety Advice

Not considered medically dangerous to people. Avoid hand-feeding wildlife even when docile. Protected species.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal

Habitat:

Woodlands, gardens, parks, near water

🦜

Sulphur-Crested Cockatoo

Cacatua galerita

LOW RISK

Large white parrot with yellow crest. Can be noisy and destructive to property.

Location

Eastern & Northern Australia

Size

45-55cm

Identification

White plumage, yellow crest, black beak, loud screeching call

Safety Advice

Generally harmless but can bite if handled. Can damage property (wood, wiring). Protected species.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal

Habitat:

Woodlands, urban areas, farmlands, parks

🦜

Rainbow Lorikeet

Trichoglossus moluccanus

LOW RISK

Colorful parrot, feeds on nectar. Can be very noisy in large flocks.

Location

Eastern Australia

Size

25-30cm

Identification

Rainbow colored plumage - blue head, green wings, red/yellow chest

Safety Advice

Harmless but can bite if handled. Very noisy. Do not feed bread (causes disease). Protected species.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal

Habitat:

Coastal areas, rainforests, gardens, urban areas

🦩

Australian White Ibis

Threskiornis moluccus

LOW RISK

Common in urban areas. Nicknamed "bin chicken" due to scavenging habits.

Location

All coastal Australia

Size

65-75cm

Identification

White plumage, black head and neck, long curved beak

Safety Advice

Harmless to humans. Can be bold around food. Do not feed. Protected species.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal

Habitat:

Parks, wetlands, rubbish bins, urban areas

🦔

Echidna

Tachyglossus aculeatus

LOW RISK

Egg-laying mammal covered in spines. Harmless, eats ants and termites.

Location

All of Australia

Size

30-45cm

Identification

Covered in spines, long snout, short legs, rolls into ball when threatened

Safety Advice

Not considered medically dangerous to people. Do not handle (spines can prick). Protected species. Leave undisturbed.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal

Habitat:

Forests, woodlands, grasslands, suburban areas

🐻

Wombat

Vombatus ursinus

MEDIUM RISK

Stocky burrowing marsupial. Can be aggressive if cornered, especially with young.

Location

Southeastern Australia

Size

80-120cm

Identification

Barrel-shaped, short legs, stubby tail, brown fur, powerful claws

Safety Advice

Keep distance. Can bite and scratch if threatened. Do not approach burrows. Protected species.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal/crepuscular

Habitat:

Forests, mountains, grasslands, burrows

🐨

Koala

Phascolarctos cinereus

LOW RISK

Tree-dwelling marsupial. Usually docile but can scratch if handled. Protected species.

Location

Eastern Australia

Size

60-85cm

Identification

Grey fur, large fluffy ears, no tail, climbs eucalyptus trees

Safety Advice

Do not approach or handle. Can scratch and bite if threatened. Protected species. Report injured koalas.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, sleeps 18-22 hours/day

Habitat:

Eucalypt forests, woodlands

🦇

Flying Fox (Fruit Bat)

Pteropus species

MEDIUM RISK

Large fruit-eating bat. Can carry diseases including lyssavirus (rabies-like).

Location

Northern & Eastern Australia

Size

Wingspan up to 1.5m

Identification

Large bat, fox-like face, dark wings, roosts in large colonies

Safety Advice

NEVER handle - can carry lyssavirus. If bitten/scratched seek immediate medical attention. Protected species.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal

Habitat:

Rainforests, urban areas, camps in trees

🦆

Platypus

Ornithorhynchus anatinus

LOW RISK

Unique egg-laying mammal. Males have venomous spurs on hind legs.

Location

Eastern Australia

Size

40-50cm

Identification

Duck bill, beaver tail, webbed feet, brown fur

Safety Advice

Do not handle - males have venomous ankle spurs. Extremely shy. Protected species. Observe from distance.

If a bite or sting happens: Platypus Spur Injury

  • Male platypuses have a venomous spur on their hind legs that causes intense, long-lasting pain — not life-threatening, but very painful, sometimes for days or weeks.
  • Call 000 or get to a hospital — pain relief often needs to be managed medically, sometimes with a local anaesthetic nerve block.
  • There is no antivenom; treatment focuses on pain control.

Active:

Year-round, crepuscular

Habitat:

Freshwater rivers, streams, lakes

😈

Tasmanian Devil

Sarcophilus harrisii

MEDIUM RISK

Largest carnivorous marsupial. Can defend itself forcefully with a powerful bite if threatened.

Location

Tasmania only

Size

50-80cm

Identification

Black fur, white chest markings, large head, powerful jaws, loud screech

Safety Advice

Keep distance. Can bite with extreme force. Do not approach. Protected - endangered species.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal

Habitat:

Forests, coastal scrub (Tasmania only)

🦎

Eastern Water Dragon

Intellagama lesueurii

LOW RISK

Large water-loving lizard. Harmless, often seen sunbaking near water.

Location

Eastern Australia

Size

60-90cm

Identification

Grey/brown with dark bands, crest along back, long tail

Safety Advice

Harmless to humans. May scratch if handled. Protected species. Popular in parks near water.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Spring to Autumn, diurnal

Habitat:

Rivers, creeks, lakes, urban waterways

🦎

Frilled Lizard

Chlamydosaurus kingii

LOW RISK

Famous for large frill display. Harmless, runs on hind legs when scared.

Location

Northern Australia

Size

70-95cm

Identification

Large frill around neck (expands when threatened), grey/brown, bipedal runner

Safety Advice

Not considered medically dangerous to people. Its frill display is a bluff, not an attack. Protected species.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Wet season, diurnal

Habitat:

Tropical woodlands, savannas

🦎

Shingleback Lizard

Tiliqua rugosa

LOW RISK

Short-tailed skink with armored scales. Very slow-moving, harmless.

Location

Southern Australia

Size

30-40cm

Identification

Stumpy tail resembles head, rough overlapping scales, dark with cream spots

Safety Advice

Not considered medically dangerous to people. Slow-moving. Protected species. Popular in gardens.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Spring to Autumn, diurnal

Habitat:

Woodlands, mallee, grasslands, suburban areas

🦎

Common Garden Skink

Lampropholis guichenoti

LOW RISK

Tiny harmless lizard, very common in gardens. Eats insects.

Location

Eastern Australia

Size

8-12cm

Identification

Small, slim, brown/grey with pale stripe, quick movements

Safety Advice

Not considered medically dangerous to people. Beneficial pest control. Protected species.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal

Habitat:

Gardens, lawns, rockeries, woodpiles

🐸

Green Tree Frog

Litoria caerulea

LOW RISK

Large friendly frog. Harmless, often found in homes and toilets.

Location

Northern & Eastern Australia

Size

8-11cm

Identification

Bright green (sometimes brown), large toe pads, white stripe along jaw

Safety Advice

Not considered medically dangerous to people. Beneficial - eats mosquitoes. Handle gently and rarely, if at all.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal

Habitat:

Trees, buildings, toilets, near water

🐸

Cane Toad

Rhinella marina

HIGH RISK

Invasive species. Toxic to pets and native wildlife. Not dangerous to humans if not eaten.

Location

Northern & Eastern Australia

Size

10-15cm

Identification

Large warty skin, bony ridges above eyes, parotoid glands behind eyes

Safety Advice

Toxic to pets - keep dogs/cats away. Wash hands after handling. Invasive pest - report sightings.

If a bite or sting happens: Cane Toad Toxin Contact

  • Cane toads secrete toxin from skin glands — the main risk is to pets that mouth them, but wash your hands thoroughly after handling one.
  • If toxin contacts eyes or mouth, flush thoroughly with water and seek medical (or veterinary) attention.
  • Never lick or eat a cane toad, and keep pets away from them.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal

Habitat:

Moist areas, gardens, near lights (hunting insects)

🐜

Bull Ant

Myrmecia species

MEDIUM RISK

Large ant with a powerful, painful sting that will defend its nest vigorously if disturbed. Can cause allergic reactions.

Location

All of Australia

Size

8-40mm

Identification

Large red/black ant, large mandibles, defends its nest vigorously

Safety Advice

Avoid nests. Sting is very painful. Can cause allergic reactions. Seek medical help if severe reaction.

If a bite or sting happens: Bull Ant / European Wasp Sting

  • If it was a bee sting, scrape out the stinger if visible (bees can leave a barbed stinger behind) — wasps generally don't leave one.
  • Apply a cold pack to reduce pain and swelling.
  • An antihistamine can help with a local reaction.
  • Call 000 immediately if there's difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, dizziness, or widespread hives — signs of anaphylaxis.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal

Habitat:

Bushland, gardens, lawns, forests

🐝

European Wasp

Vespula germanica

MEDIUM RISK

Invasive wasp. Can sting multiple times and will defend its nest vigorously if disturbed.

Location

Southern Australia

Size

12-17mm

Identification

Yellow and black stripes, triangle-shaped face markings, paperlike nests

Safety Advice

Avoid nests. Can sting repeatedly. Allergic reactions possible. Report nests to authorities.

If a bite or sting happens: Bull Ant / European Wasp Sting

  • If it was a bee sting, scrape out the stinger if visible (bees can leave a barbed stinger behind) — wasps generally don't leave one.
  • Apply a cold pack to reduce pain and swelling.
  • An antihistamine can help with a local reaction.
  • Call 000 immediately if there's difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, dizziness, or widespread hives — signs of anaphylaxis.

Active:

Spring to Autumn, diurnal

Habitat:

Gardens, walls, roof cavities, underground

🐙

Blue-Ringed Octopus

Hapalochlaena species

CRITICAL RISK

A small marine animal with a potentially life-threatening bite. Never touch it, even if it looks still or small.

Location

Coastal Australia

Size

12-20cm

Identification

Small, yellow-brown with bright blue rings when threatened

Safety Advice

NEVER touch or handle. Venom is lethal. No antivenom. Seek immediate emergency care if bitten.

If a bite or sting happens: Blue-Ringed Octopus Bite

  • Call 000 immediately — the bite can be painless at first, but the venom can cause paralysis, including of breathing muscles.
  • Apply the Pressure Immobilisation Technique, as for a venomous snake bite.
  • Be ready to perform rescue breathing/CPR — this is the main life-saving measure if breathing is affected. Stay with the person until paramedics arrive.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal

Habitat:

Rock pools, coral reefs, shallow water

🪼

Box Jellyfish

Chironex fleckeri

CRITICAL RISK

Extremely venomous jellyfish. Can be fatal. Most dangerous during stinger season.

Location

Northern Australia

Size

Bell up to 30cm, tentacles 3m

Identification

Pale blue transparent bell, up to 60 tentacles, almost invisible in water

Safety Advice

Swim in stinger nets only. Wear stinger suit. Vinegar for stings. IMMEDIATE medical emergency.

If a bite or sting happens: Box Jellyfish / Irukandji Sting

  • Call 000 immediately — both can cause serious reactions.
  • Generously douse the sting with vinegar for at least 30 seconds to deactivate any unfired stinging cells.
  • Do NOT rub the area, rinse with fresh water, or apply a pressure bandage.
  • If the person stops breathing or becomes unresponsive, begin CPR and continue until help arrives.
  • Irukandji symptoms (severe pain, nausea, high blood pressure) can appear 20–30 minutes after a seemingly minor sting — seek care even if it felt mild at first.

Active:

October-May (stinger season), marine

Habitat:

Northern tropical waters, beaches, estuaries

🪼

Irukandji Jellyfish

Carukia barnesi

CRITICAL RISK

Tiny tropical box jellyfish. A sting can cause delayed, severe Irukandji syndrome and needs urgent medical assessment.

Location

Northern Australia

Size

1cm bell, 1m tentacles

Identification

Tiny transparent bell with four tentacles; often difficult to see in water

Safety Advice

Stinger suits offer some protection. Seek IMMEDIATE emergency care if stung. Can be fatal.

If a bite or sting happens: Box Jellyfish / Irukandji Sting

  • Call 000 immediately — both can cause serious reactions.
  • Generously douse the sting with vinegar for at least 30 seconds to deactivate any unfired stinging cells.
  • Do NOT rub the area, rinse with fresh water, or apply a pressure bandage.
  • If the person stops breathing or becomes unresponsive, begin CPR and continue until help arrives.
  • Irukandji symptoms (severe pain, nausea, high blood pressure) can appear 20–30 minutes after a seemingly minor sting — seek care even if it felt mild at first.

Active:

Tropical waters; locally seasonal

Habitat:

Tropical marine waters, reefs and offshore settings

🐍

Blue-bellied Black Snake

Pseudechis guttatus

HIGH RISK

Venomous Australian elapid that is usually shy but can defend itself if threatened.

Location

Queensland & NSW

Size

1.5-2m

Identification

Shiny black upper body, dark blue-grey belly, broad head and robust body

Safety Advice

Keep distance. Generally not aggressive. Medical attention needed if bitten.

If a bite or sting happens: Suspected Venomous Snake Bite

  • Call 000 immediately.
  • Keep the person still and calm — do not let them walk.
  • Apply a pressure bandage firmly over the bite, then bandage the whole limb from fingers or toes upward (Pressure Immobilisation Technique).
  • Splint the limb to stop it moving, then keep the person still until paramedics arrive.
  • If the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, start CPR.
  • Do NOT wash the bite site — venom traces help identify the correct antivenom.
  • Do NOT cut the wound, try to suck out venom, or apply a tourniquet.
  • Note the time of the bite and any symptoms to tell paramedics.

Active:

Primarily diurnal; may forage on warm evenings

Habitat:

Forests, woodlands, near streams

🐍

Spotted Python

Antaresia maculosa

LOW RISK

Native non-venomous python. It may bite defensively if handled or cornered.

Location

Northern & Eastern Australia

Size

90-140cm

Identification

Light brown with darker blotches, slender build, small head

Safety Advice

Harmless to humans. May bite if handled roughly but not dangerous. Protected species.

If a bite or sting happens: Snake Bite, Even If Believed Non-Venomous (Python, Tree Snake)

  • Treat any snake bite as a possible venomous bite. A photo, app result or quick look cannot confirm what bit someone, and all snake bites are treated as life-threatening.
  • Call 000 immediately.
  • Keep the person still and calm — do not let them walk or run.
  • Apply a pressure bandage firmly over the bite, then bandage the whole limb from fingers or toes upward and splint it (Pressure Immobilisation Technique).
  • If the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, start CPR.
  • Do NOT wash the bite site, cut it, suck it or apply a tourniquet.
  • Hospital clinicians work out whether venom was involved, so you do not need to identify the snake.

Active:

Year-round, nocturnal

Habitat:

Rocky areas, caves, trees, buildings

🐍

Copperhead Snake

Austrelaps spp.

HIGH RISK

Group of three venomous Australian copperhead species; a suspected bite is a medical emergency.

Location

Cool south-eastern Australia

Size

Up to 1.45m, depending on species

Identification

Robust blackish to grey-brown snake, sometimes with a coppery head; often near wet habitat

Safety Advice

Keep distance. Less aggressive but still dangerous. Medical attention essential if bitten.

If a bite or sting happens: Suspected Venomous Snake Bite

  • Call 000 immediately.
  • Keep the person still and calm — do not let them walk.
  • Apply a pressure bandage firmly over the bite, then bandage the whole limb from fingers or toes upward (Pressure Immobilisation Technique).
  • Splint the limb to stop it moving, then keep the person still until paramedics arrive.
  • If the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, start CPR.
  • Do NOT wash the bite site — venom traces help identify the correct antivenom.
  • Do NOT cut the wound, try to suck out venom, or apply a tourniquet.
  • Note the time of the bite and any symptoms to tell paramedics.

Active:

Mostly diurnal; may be active on warm evenings

Habitat:

Wetlands, swamps, creek banks, highlands

🐦‍⬛

Australian Raven

Corvus coronoides

LOW RISK

Large native corvid that can be bold around food but generally poses low risk when given space.

Location

Eastern & Southern Australia

Size

48-53cm

Identification

All black, large bill, white eyes, distinctive drawn-out call

Safety Advice

Keep a respectful distance and do not feed or handle. Give nests and young birds extra space.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal

Habitat:

Woodlands, farmlands, urban areas, parks

🦎

Perentie

Varanus giganteus

MEDIUM RISK

Australia's largest lizard. Usually shy but can be dangerous if cornered.

Location

Arid central Australia

Size

1.5-2.5m

Identification

Very large, yellow/cream spots on dark background, long neck, powerful tail

Safety Advice

Keep distance. Can bite, scratch and tail-whip. Usually flees. Protected species.

If a bite or sting happens: General Wildlife Bite or Scratch

  • Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
  • Apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding.
  • Check that your tetanus vaccination is up to date.
  • See a doctor if the wound is deep, shows signs of infection, or came from an animal acting unusually.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal

Habitat:

Deserts, rocky areas, grasslands

🐛

Australian Paralysis Tick

Ixodes holocyclus

HIGH RISK

Can cause tick paralysis, and its bite can trigger anaphylaxis in people with a tick allergy. Often attaches unnoticed and may be painless.

Location

Humid coastal eastern Australia

Size

3-10mm (larger when engorged)

Identification

Small grey-brown tick, bluish-grey and swollen when engorged with blood, eight legs clustered near the head

Safety Advice

Check yourself, children and pets after bushwalks in tick habitat. Do not squeeze, pull or scratch at an attached tick — disturbing it can trigger a worse reaction.

If a bite or sting happens: Attached Tick (Paralysis Tick)

  • Do not squeeze, pull, or scratch at the tick — disturbing it can trigger a worse reaction.
  • If you have no history of tick allergy, use a tick-killing ether-containing spray or freeze it to kill it in place, then leave it to drop off naturally, following current Australian Government guidance.
  • If you have a known tick allergy, do not attempt removal yourself — seek medical care for removal.
  • Call 000 immediately for any signs of anaphylaxis: difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, dizziness, or widespread hives.
  • Watch for tick paralysis symptoms over the following days (unsteady gait, weakness, difficulty swallowing) and seek medical care if they appear.

Active:

Year-round, peaks in spring/summer

Habitat:

Wet sclerophyll forest, rainforest edges, long grass, garden vegetation

🐟

Reef Stonefish

Synanceia verrucosa

HIGH RISK

Extremely well camouflaged fish with venomous dorsal spines. A sting is one of the most painful marine injuries and usually needs hospital treatment.

Location

Great Barrier Reef, Queensland to far northern NSW

Size

30-40cm

Identification

Looks like an encrusted rock or coral rubble, warty grey-brown skin, very hard to spot even up close

Safety Advice

Never walk on reef flats or rubble barefoot — wear reef shoes. Do not touch anything that could be a camouflaged fish.

If a bite or sting happens: Stonefish Sting

  • Call 000 or get to a hospital — this is one of the most painful marine stings and often needs medical treatment.
  • Immerse the affected area in water as hot as the person can tolerate (not scalding) for pain relief — stonefish venom breaks down with heat.
  • Do not remove any spine fragments yourself unless a professional directs you to.
  • Antivenom is available for severe stonefish stings.

Active:

Year-round, marine

Habitat:

Reef flats, rubble, sandy and muddy-bottom shallow water

🐜

Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA)

Solenopsis invicta

MEDIUM RISK

Invasive ant that swarms and stings repeatedly when its mound is disturbed. A serious biosecurity concern in Australia — sightings must be reported.

Location

South-East Queensland (spreading, under biosecurity control)

Size

2-6mm

Identification

Small copper-brown ant with a darker abdomen, builds dome-shaped soil mounds with no obvious entry hole

Safety Advice

Do not disturb mounds. Report suspected sightings to your state biosecurity or agriculture authority rather than treating them yourself.

If a bite or sting happens: Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA) Sting

  • Move away from the area calmly — disturbing a mound can bring many more ants at once.
  • Wash the stung area with soap and water and apply a cold pack.
  • Small blisters often form — do not scratch or pop them, as this raises infection risk.
  • Call 000 immediately if there are signs of anaphylaxis (multiple stings, difficulty breathing, widespread hives, dizziness).
  • Report the ant nest to your state biosecurity or agriculture authority — do not treat it yourself.

Active:

Year-round, diurnal

Habitat:

Lawns, parks, pastures, disturbed ground in biosecurity control zones

🎐

Bluebottle

Physalia utriculus

MEDIUM RISK

Common beach stinger that washes ashore in groups after wind. Painful but rarely dangerous — treated very differently from tropical box jellyfish.

Location

All Australian coastlines, more common after onshore winds

Size

Float 2-15cm, tentacles up to several metres

Identification

Small clear-blue gas-filled float with one long trailing blue tentacle

Safety Advice

Avoid entering water with bluebottles washed up on the sand or visible in the shallows. Do not touch a beached one — the tentacle can still sting.

If a bite or sting happens: Bluebottle Sting

  • Carefully pick off any visible tentacles with fingers, a gloved hand, or tweezers — brief skin contact when removing them is not dangerous.
  • Rinse the area with seawater, not fresh water.
  • Immerse in hot water as hot as can be tolerated for as long as pain relief requires; if hot water isn't available, a cold pack also helps.
  • Do NOT use vinegar on a bluebottle sting — vinegar is specific to tropical box jellyfish and can make a bluebottle sting worse.
  • Seek medical help for widespread stings, a sting to the eye or mouth, or any signs of a severe allergic reaction.

Active:

Year-round, more common with onshore winds

Habitat:

Ocean beaches, floats onto sand after wind

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First-aid guidance last reviewed: September 2026. Sources: Healthdirect Australia — Snake bites, Healthdirect Australia — Spider bites, Healthdirect Australia — Bites and stings, Better Health Channel — Bites and stings first aid. This is general information, not a substitute for professional medical care. In an emergency, always call 000.

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